Line data Source code
1 : /** \file constants.hpp
2 : * \author Jared R. Males (jaredmales@gmail.com)
3 : * \brief Constants for astronomy.
4 : * \ingroup astrofiles
5 : *
6 : */
7 :
8 : #ifndef __mx_astro_constants_hpp__
9 : #define __mx_astro_constants_hpp__
10 :
11 : namespace mx
12 : {
13 :
14 : namespace astro
15 : {
16 :
17 : namespace constants
18 : {
19 :
20 : /** \defgroup dimensionless_constants Dimensionless Constants
21 : * \ingroup astroconstants
22 : * Constants without dimensions are provided with a template argument specifying the precision.
23 : * @{
24 : */
25 :
26 : /// Tangent of 1.0 arcsec
27 : /** Calculated with 100 digits of precision, recorded here with 50 digits.
28 : */
29 : template <typename realT>
30 0 : constexpr realT tan_arcsec()
31 : {
32 0 : return static_cast<realT>( 4.8481368111333441675396429478852851658848753880815e-06 );
33 : }
34 :
35 : ///@} Dimensionless Constants
36 :
37 : /** \defgroup dimensioned_constants Constants with Dimensions
38 : * \ingroup astroconstants
39 : * Constants with dimensions are provided with a template argument specifying the units system to use, see \ref
40 : * astrounits.
41 : * @{
42 : */
43 :
44 : /// Newton's Gravitational Constant
45 : /** Source: 2014 CODATA recommended values \cite codata_2014, http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
46 : */
47 : template <typename units>
48 : constexpr typename units::realT G()
49 : {
50 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.67408e-11 ) * ( units::length * units::length * units::length ) /
51 : ( units::mass * units::time * units::time );
52 : }
53 :
54 : /// The speed of light.
55 : /** Source: 2014 CODATA recommended values \cite codata_2014, http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
56 : */
57 : template <typename units>
58 : constexpr typename units::realT c()
59 : {
60 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 299792458 ) * ( units::length / units::time );
61 : }
62 :
63 : /// Boltzmann Constant
64 : /** \f$ k = 1.38064852 \times 10^{-23} \: J \: K^{-1}\f$
65 : *
66 : * Source: 2014 CODATA recommended values \cite codata_2014, http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
67 : */
68 : template <typename units>
69 : constexpr typename units::realT k()
70 : {
71 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 1.38064852e-23 ) * units::energy / units::temperature;
72 : }
73 :
74 : /// Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
75 : /** \f$ \sigma = 5.670367 \times 10^{-8} \: W \: m^{-2} \: K^{-4} \f$
76 : *
77 : * Source: 2014 CODATA recommended values \cite codata_2014, http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
78 : */
79 : template <typename units>
80 : constexpr typename units::realT sigma()
81 : {
82 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 5.670367e-8 ) * ( units::energy / units::time ) /
83 : ( units::length * units::length ) /
84 : ( units::temperature * units::temperature * units::temperature * units::temperature );
85 : }
86 :
87 : /// Planck Constant
88 : /** Source: 2014 CODATA recommended values \cite codata_2014, http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
89 : */
90 : template <typename units>
91 : constexpr typename units::realT h()
92 : {
93 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.626070040e-34 ) * units::energy * units::time;
94 : }
95 :
96 : /// Length of day
97 : /** As defined by IAU
98 : */
99 : template <typename units>
100 : constexpr typename units::realT day()
101 : {
102 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 86400.0 ) * units::time;
103 : }
104 :
105 : /// Length of year
106 : /** As defined by IAU
107 : */
108 : template <typename units>
109 : constexpr typename units::realT year()
110 : {
111 : return ( static_cast<typename units::realT>( 365.25 ) * static_cast<typename units::realT>( 86400.0 ) ) *
112 : units::time;
113 : }
114 :
115 : /// Astronomical Unit
116 : /** As defined by IAU Resolution 2012 B2
117 : */
118 : template <typename units>
119 0 : constexpr typename units::realT au()
120 : {
121 0 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 149597870700.0 ) * units::length;
122 : }
123 :
124 : /// The parsec
125 : template <typename units>
126 0 : constexpr typename units::realT parsec()
127 : {
128 0 : return au<units>() / tan_arcsec<typename units::realT>();
129 : }
130 :
131 : /// Radius of the Sun
132 : /** \f$ R_{sun} = 6.957\times 10^{8} \: m\f$
133 : *
134 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
135 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
136 : */
137 : template <typename units>
138 : constexpr typename units::realT radSun()
139 : {
140 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.957e8 ) * units::length;
141 : }
142 :
143 : /// Solar Irradiance at 1 au
144 : /** \f$ S_{sun} = 1361 \: W \: m^{-2}\f$
145 : *
146 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
147 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
148 : */
149 : template <typename units>
150 : constexpr typename units::realT solarIrrad()
151 : {
152 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 1361 ) * units::energy / units::time / ( units::length * units::length );
153 : }
154 :
155 : /// Luminosity of the Sun
156 : /** \f$ L_{sun} = 3.828\times 10^{26} \: W\f$
157 : *
158 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
159 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
160 : */
161 : template <typename units>
162 : constexpr typename units::realT lumSun()
163 : {
164 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 3.828e26 ) * units::energy / units::time;
165 : }
166 :
167 : /// Effective Temperature of the Sun
168 : /** \f$ T_{sun} = 5772 \: K \f$
169 : *
170 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
171 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
172 : */
173 : template <typename units>
174 0 : constexpr typename units::realT TeffSun()
175 : {
176 0 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 5772.0 ) * units::temperature;
177 : }
178 :
179 : /// Solar Mass Parameter
180 : /** \f$ GM_{sun} = 1.3271244 \times 10^20 \: m^3 \: s^{-2} \f$
181 : *
182 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
183 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
184 : */
185 : template <typename units>
186 : constexpr typename units::realT GMSun()
187 : {
188 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 1.3271244e20 ) * ( units::length * units::length * units::length ) /
189 : ( units::time * units::time );
190 : }
191 :
192 : /// Solar Mass
193 : /** The mass of Sun is the \ref GMSun() "Solar mass parameter" divided by the \ref G() "graviational constant".
194 : *
195 : * \f$ M_{Sun} = GM_{Sun}/G \f$
196 : *
197 : */
198 : template <typename units>
199 : constexpr typename units::realT massSun()
200 : {
201 : return GMSun<units>() / G<units>();
202 : }
203 :
204 : /// Radius of Earth (nominal equatorial)
205 : /** \f$ R_{e} = 6.3781\times 10^6 \: m \f$
206 : *
207 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
208 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
209 : */
210 : template <typename units>
211 : constexpr typename units::realT radEarth()
212 : {
213 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.3781e6 ) * units::length;
214 : }
215 :
216 : /// Earth Mass Parameter
217 : /** \f$ GM_{e} = 3.986004 \times 10^14 \: m^3 \: s^{-2} \f$
218 : *
219 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
220 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
221 : */
222 : template <typename units>
223 : constexpr typename units::realT GMEarth()
224 : {
225 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 3.986004e14 ) * ( units::length * units::length * units::length ) /
226 : ( units::time * units::time );
227 : }
228 :
229 : /// Earth Mass
230 : /** The mass of Earth is the \ref GMEarth() "mass parameter" divided by the \ref G() "gravitational constant".
231 : *
232 : * \f$ M_{e} = GM_{e}/G \f$
233 : *
234 : */
235 : template <typename units>
236 : constexpr typename units::realT massEarth()
237 : {
238 : return GMEarth<units>() / G<units>();
239 : }
240 :
241 : /// Radius of Jupiter (nominal equatorial)
242 : /** \f$ R_{J} = 7.1492\times 10^7 \: m \f$
243 : *
244 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
245 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
246 : */
247 : template <typename units>
248 0 : constexpr typename units::realT radJupiter()
249 : {
250 0 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 7.1492e7 ) * units::length;
251 : }
252 :
253 : /// Jupiter Mass Parameter
254 : /** \f$ GM_{J} = 1.2668653 \times 10^17 \: m^3 \: s^{-2} \f$
255 : *
256 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2015 B2, <a
257 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf</a>
258 : */
259 : template <typename units>
260 : constexpr typename units::realT GMJupiter()
261 : {
262 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 1.2668653e17 ) * ( units::length * units::length * units::length ) /
263 : ( units::time * units::time );
264 : }
265 :
266 : /// Jupiter Mass
267 : /** The mass of Jupiter is the \ref GMJupiter() "Jupiter mass parameter" divided by the \ref G() "gravitational
268 : * constant".
269 : *
270 : * \f$ M_{J} = GM_{J}/G \f$
271 : *
272 : */
273 : template <typename units>
274 : constexpr typename units::realT massJupiter()
275 : {
276 : return GMJupiter<units>() / G<units>();
277 : }
278 :
279 : /// Mass ratio of Mercury to the Sun.
280 : /**
281 : * \f$ M_{Sun}/M_{Me} = 6.023657330 \times 10^{6} \f$
282 : *
283 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2009 B2, <a
284 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf</a>.
285 : * see also <a href="http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html">http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html</a>
286 : *
287 : */
288 : template <typename units>
289 : constexpr typename units::realT mrMercury()
290 : {
291 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.023657330e6 );
292 : }
293 :
294 : /// Mass of Mercury.
295 : /**
296 : * The mass of Mercury is the \ref massSun() "mass of the Sun" divided by the \ref mrMercury() "mass ratio of Mercury to
297 : * the Sun".
298 : *
299 : */
300 : template <typename units>
301 : constexpr typename units::realT massMercury()
302 : {
303 : return massSun<units>() / mrMercury<units>();
304 : }
305 :
306 : /// Radius of Mercury.
307 : /**
308 : * \f$ = 2.4397 \times 10^{6} \f$
309 : *
310 : * Source: Seidelmann et al. (2007) \cite seidelmann_2007
311 : *
312 : */
313 : template <typename units>
314 : constexpr typename units::realT radMercury()
315 : {
316 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 2.4397e6 ) * units::length;
317 : }
318 :
319 : /// Mass ratio of Venus to the Sun.
320 : /**
321 : * \f$ M_{Sun}/M_{Ve} = 4.08523719 \times 10^{5}\f$
322 : *
323 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2009 B2, <a
324 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf</a>.
325 : * see also <a href="http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html">http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html</a>
326 : *
327 : */
328 : template <typename units>
329 : constexpr typename units::realT mrVenus()
330 : {
331 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 4.08523719e5 );
332 : }
333 :
334 : /// Mass of Venus.
335 : /**
336 : * The mass of Venus is the \ref massSun() "mass of the Sun" divided by the \ref mrVenus() "mass ratio of Venus to the
337 : * Sun".
338 : *
339 : */
340 : template <typename units>
341 : constexpr typename units::realT massVenus()
342 : {
343 : return massSun<units>() / mrVenus<units>();
344 : }
345 :
346 : /// Radius of Venus.
347 : /**
348 : * \f$ = 6.0518 \times 10^{6} \f$
349 : *
350 : * Source: Seidelmann et al. (2007) \cite seidelmann_2007
351 : *
352 : */
353 : template <typename units>
354 : constexpr typename units::realT radVenus()
355 : {
356 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.0518e6 ) * units::length;
357 : }
358 :
359 : /// Mass ratio of Mars to the Sun.
360 : /**
361 : * \f$ M_{Sun}/M_{Ma} = 3.09870359 \times 10^{6}\f$
362 : *
363 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2009 B2, <a
364 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf</a>.
365 : * see also <a href="http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html">http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html</a>
366 : *
367 : */
368 : template <typename units>
369 : constexpr typename units::realT mrMars()
370 : {
371 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 3.09870359e6 );
372 : }
373 :
374 : /// Mass of Mars.
375 : /**
376 : * The mass of Mars is the mass of the Sun divided by the mass ratio of Mars to the Sun.
377 : *
378 : */
379 : template <typename units>
380 : constexpr typename units::realT massMars()
381 : {
382 : return massSun<units>() / mrMars<units>();
383 : }
384 :
385 : /// Radius of Mars.
386 : /**
387 : * \f$ = 3.39619 \times 10^{6} \f$
388 : *
389 : * Source: Seidelmann et al. (2007) \cite seidelmann_2007
390 : *
391 : */
392 : template <typename units>
393 : constexpr typename units::realT radMars()
394 : {
395 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 3.39619e6 ) * units::length;
396 : }
397 :
398 : /// Mass ratio of Saturn to the Sun.
399 : /**
400 : * \f$ M_{Sun}/M_{Sa} = 3.4979018 \times 10^{3}\f$
401 : *
402 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2009 B2, <a
403 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf</a>.
404 : * see also <a href="http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html">http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html</a>
405 : *
406 : */
407 : template <typename units>
408 : constexpr typename units::realT mrSaturn()
409 : {
410 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 3.4979018e3 );
411 : }
412 :
413 : /// Mass of Saturn.
414 : /**
415 : * The mass of Saturn is the mass of the Sun divided by the mass ratio of Saturn to the Sun.
416 : *
417 : */
418 : template <typename units>
419 : constexpr typename units::realT massSaturn()
420 : {
421 : return massSun<units>() / mrSaturn<units>();
422 : }
423 :
424 : /// Radius of Saturn.
425 : /**
426 : * \f$ = 6.0268 \times 10^{7} \f$
427 : *
428 : * Source: Seidelmann et al. (2007) \cite seidelmann_2007
429 : *
430 : */
431 : template <typename units>
432 : constexpr typename units::realT radSaturn()
433 : {
434 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 6.0268e7 ) * units::length;
435 : }
436 :
437 : /// Mass ratio of Uranus to the Sun.
438 : /**
439 : * \f$ M_{Sun}/M_{U} = 2.2902951 \times 10^{4}\f$
440 : *
441 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2009 B2, <a
442 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf</a>.
443 : * see also <a href="http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html">http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html</a>
444 : *
445 : */
446 : template <typename units>
447 : constexpr typename units::realT mrUranus()
448 : {
449 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 2.2902951e4 );
450 : }
451 :
452 : /// Mass of Uranus.
453 : /**
454 : * The mass of Uranus is the mass of the Sun divided by the mass ratio of Uranus to the Sun.
455 : *
456 : */
457 : template <typename units>
458 : constexpr typename units::realT massUranus()
459 : {
460 : return massSun<units>() / mrUranus<units>();
461 : }
462 :
463 : /// Radius of Uranus.
464 : /**
465 : * \f$ = 2.5559 \times 10^{7} \f$
466 : *
467 : * Source: Seidelmann et al. (2007) \cite seidelmann_2007
468 : *
469 : */
470 : template <typename units>
471 : constexpr typename units::realT radUranus()
472 : {
473 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 2.5559e7 ) * units::length;
474 : }
475 :
476 : /// Mass ratio of Neptune to the Sun.
477 : /**
478 : * \f$ M_{Sun}/M_{U} = 1.941226 \times 10^{4}\f$
479 : *
480 : * Source: IAU Resolution 2009 B2, <a
481 : * href="https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf">https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2009_English.pdf</a>.
482 : * see also <a href="http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html">http://maia.usno.navy.mil/NSFA/NSFA_cbe.html</a>
483 : *
484 : */
485 : template <typename units>
486 : constexpr typename units::realT mrNeptune()
487 : {
488 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 1.941226e4 );
489 : }
490 :
491 : /// Mass of Neptune.
492 : /**
493 : * The mass of Neptune is the mass of the Sun divided by the mass ratio of Neptune to the Sun.
494 : *
495 : */
496 : template <typename units>
497 : constexpr typename units::realT massNeptune()
498 : {
499 : return massSun<units>() / mrNeptune<units>();
500 : }
501 :
502 : /// Radius of Neptune.
503 : /**
504 : * \f$ = 2.4764 \times 10^{7} \f$
505 : *
506 : * Source: Seidelmann et al. (2007) \cite seidelmann_2007
507 : *
508 : */
509 : template <typename units>
510 : constexpr typename units::realT radNeptune()
511 : {
512 : return static_cast<typename units::realT>( 2.4764e7 ) * units::length;
513 : }
514 :
515 : ///@} Dimensioned constants
516 :
517 : } // namespace constants
518 : } // namespace astro
519 : } // namespace mx
520 :
521 : #endif //__mx_astro_constants_hpp__
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